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Composition of the essential oil of levisticum officinale W.D.J. koch from some european countries / Ain Raal in The journal of essential oil research, Vol. 20 n°4 (Juillet/Août 2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 20 n°4 (Juillet/Août 2008) . - pp. 318-322 Titre : Composition of the essential oil of levisticum officinale W.D.J. koch from some european countries Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ain Raal, Auteur ; Elmar Arak, Auteur ; Anne Orav, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 318-322 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Levisticum  officinale  Apiaceae  Lovage  Essential  oil  composition  (Z)-ligustilide  α-terpinyl  acetate  β-phellandrene  (Z)-3-butylidene  phthalide  Pentylcyclohexadiene  Trans-sabinyl  acetate  Phenylacetaldehyde Résumé : Variations in the essential oil composition of Leviticum officinale W.D.J. Koch from different European countries were determined using capillary GC and GC/MS methods. The oils were obtained in yields of 0.11–1.80% from dried cut roots and 0.09% from leaves. A total of 48 components were identified, representing over 87% of the total yield of oil. Ten compounds not earlier reported: trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, iso-thujyl alcohol, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-ol, 2-methylene-6,6-dimethyl, trans-carveol, perillaldehyde, sabinyl acetate, perillyl alcohol, methyl ester of methylpentadecate acid, and methyl hexadecadienate acid. The principal components in the oils of L. officinale roots were β-phellandrene (0.1–48.9%), pentylcyclohexadiene (0–12.3%), trans-sabinyl acetate (0–12.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (0–26.1%), (Z)-3-butylidene phthalide (0.1–31.2%), and (Z)-ligustilide (0.2–70.9%). Phthalide isomers were predominant (73.2–82.6%) in the oils from Estonia, France, and Belgium. The roots oil of L. officinale from Scotland was rich in β-phellandrene (48.9%) and phenylacetaldehyde (17.2%). Maximum content of trans-sabinyl and α-terpinyl acetates (total 38.2%) was found in the oil from Holland. Estonian L. officinale root oil contained in high quantities (E)-ligustilide (52.4–70.9%) and pentylcyclohexadiene (12.3%). The L. officinale leaf oil cultivated in Estonia contained in high amounts α-terpinyl acetate (55.8%) and β-phellandrene (11.3%). The content of (Z)-ligustilide (17.0%) in the leaf oil was smaller compared with the root oil. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700022 [article] Composition of the essential oil of levisticum officinale W.D.J. koch from some european countries [texte imprimé] / Ain Raal, Auteur ; Elmar Arak, Auteur ; Anne Orav, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 318-322. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 20 n°4 (Juillet/Août 2008) . - pp. 318-322 Mots-clés : Levisticum  officinale  Apiaceae  Lovage  Essential  oil  composition  (Z)-ligustilide  α-terpinyl  acetate  β-phellandrene  (Z)-3-butylidene  phthalide  Pentylcyclohexadiene  Trans-sabinyl  acetate  Phenylacetaldehyde Résumé : Variations in the essential oil composition of Leviticum officinale W.D.J. Koch from different European countries were determined using capillary GC and GC/MS methods. The oils were obtained in yields of 0.11–1.80% from dried cut roots and 0.09% from leaves. A total of 48 components were identified, representing over 87% of the total yield of oil. Ten compounds not earlier reported: trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, iso-thujyl alcohol, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-ol, 2-methylene-6,6-dimethyl, trans-carveol, perillaldehyde, sabinyl acetate, perillyl alcohol, methyl ester of methylpentadecate acid, and methyl hexadecadienate acid. The principal components in the oils of L. officinale roots were β-phellandrene (0.1–48.9%), pentylcyclohexadiene (0–12.3%), trans-sabinyl acetate (0–12.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (0–26.1%), (Z)-3-butylidene phthalide (0.1–31.2%), and (Z)-ligustilide (0.2–70.9%). Phthalide isomers were predominant (73.2–82.6%) in the oils from Estonia, France, and Belgium. The roots oil of L. officinale from Scotland was rich in β-phellandrene (48.9%) and phenylacetaldehyde (17.2%). Maximum content of trans-sabinyl and α-terpinyl acetates (total 38.2%) was found in the oil from Holland. Estonian L. officinale root oil contained in high quantities (E)-ligustilide (52.4–70.9%) and pentylcyclohexadiene (12.3%). The L. officinale leaf oil cultivated in Estonia contained in high amounts α-terpinyl acetate (55.8%) and β-phellandrene (11.3%). The content of (Z)-ligustilide (17.0%) in the leaf oil was smaller compared with the root oil. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700022

The content and composition of the essential oil Found in Carum carvi L. commercial fruits obtained from different countries / Ain Raal in The journal of essential oil research, Vol. 24 N° 1 (Fevrier 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 24 N° 1 (Fevrier 2012) . - pp. 53-59 Titre : The content and composition of the essential oil Found in Carum carvi L. commercial fruits obtained from different countries Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ain Raal, Auteur ; Elmar Arak, Auteur ; Anne Orav, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 53-59 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Carum  carvi  Caraway  Apiaceae  Essential  oil  Carvone  Limonene  European  Pharmacopoeia Résumé : Caraway (Carum carvi L., Apiaceae) is a very popular spice and herb, which is widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Variations in the essential oil content and composition in twenty commercial caraway samples obtained from retail pharmacies and health shops in different countries were determined using hydrodistillation and capillary GC techniques. The essential oil yields ranged from 0.6% to 5.4%. Eighteen compounds, comprising more than 97% of the composition of oil, were identified in the caraway essential oils. The main components of the oils in caraway seeds were carvone (44.5–95.9%) and limonene (1.5–51.3%). Between the content of carvone and limonene the negative correlation -0.999 (p<0.01) was found. Additionally, β-myrcene (0–0.4%), trans-dihydrocarvone (0–0.5%), and trans-carveole (0–0.2%), as well as α-pinene, sabinene, n-octanal, trans-β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, linalool, cis- and trans-limonene oxide, cis-dihydrocarvone, cis-carveol, perillaldehyde, trans-anethole, and trans-β-caryophyllene were found in caraway oils. The content and composition of the essential oils in commercial caraway seeds is remarkably variable and conformed with the European Pharmacopoeia standards only in four samples among the 20 commercial caraway samples studied. The carvone and carvone-limonene chemotypes were found. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10412905.2012.646016 [article] The content and composition of the essential oil Found in Carum carvi L. commercial fruits obtained from different countries [texte imprimé] / Ain Raal, Auteur ; Elmar Arak, Auteur ; Anne Orav, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 53-59. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 24 N° 1 (Fevrier 2012) . - pp. 53-59 Mots-clés : Carum  carvi  Caraway  Apiaceae  Essential  oil  Carvone  Limonene  European  Pharmacopoeia Résumé : Caraway (Carum carvi L., Apiaceae) is a very popular spice and herb, which is widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Variations in the essential oil content and composition in twenty commercial caraway samples obtained from retail pharmacies and health shops in different countries were determined using hydrodistillation and capillary GC techniques. The essential oil yields ranged from 0.6% to 5.4%. Eighteen compounds, comprising more than 97% of the composition of oil, were identified in the caraway essential oils. The main components of the oils in caraway seeds were carvone (44.5–95.9%) and limonene (1.5–51.3%). Between the content of carvone and limonene the negative correlation -0.999 (p<0.01) was found. Additionally, β-myrcene (0–0.4%), trans-dihydrocarvone (0–0.5%), and trans-carveole (0–0.2%), as well as α-pinene, sabinene, n-octanal, trans-β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, linalool, cis- and trans-limonene oxide, cis-dihydrocarvone, cis-carveol, perillaldehyde, trans-anethole, and trans-β-caryophyllene were found in caraway oils. The content and composition of the essential oils in commercial caraway seeds is remarkably variable and conformed with the European Pharmacopoeia standards only in four samples among the 20 commercial caraway samples studied. The carvone and carvone-limonene chemotypes were found. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10412905.2012.646016

Variation in the composition of the essential oil of commercial valeriana officinalis L. roots from different countries / Ain Raal in The journal of essential oil research, Vol. 20 n°6 (Novembre/Décembre 2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 20 n°6 (Novembre/Décembre 2008) . - pp. 524-529 Titre : Variation in the composition of the essential oil of commercial valeriana officinalis L. roots from different countries Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ain Raal, Auteur ; Elmar Arak, Auteur ; Anne Orav, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp. 524-529 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Valeriana  officinalis  Valerianaceae  Essential  oil  composition  Bornyl  acetate  α-fenchene  Valerianol  α-pinene  Ledol  Valerenal  Isovaleric  acid  Camphene  Valeranone Résumé : The volatile constituents from roots of Valeriana officinalis L. were investigated using GC and GC/MS methods. Valerianae radix samples were obtained from retail pharmacies of different European countries. The roots of 15 V. offcinalis samples yielded 0.19–1.16% essential oil on a dry weight basis. The basic oil components among the identified 86 compounds were bornyl acetate (2.9–33.7%), α-fenchene (0–28.3%), valerianol (0.2–18.2%), valerenal (tr-15.6%), isovaleric acid (0–13.1%), camphene (0–11.1%) and valeranone (0.5–10.9%). Bornyl acetate/valerenal chemotype was characteristic for 9 of the 15 samples of valerian roots from different European countries. Some samples did not contain α-fenchene and camphene (Germany, Czech), isovaleric acid (France, Moldova, Russia 2) and valerianic acid (Estonia, Ukraine 1, Scotland, Moldova, Russia 1). Valerian root oil from Estonia was rich in essential oil, bornyl acetate (33.7%), valerianol (16.8%) and valeranone (9.5%). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700079 [article] Variation in the composition of the essential oil of commercial valeriana officinalis L. roots from different countries [texte imprimé] / Ain Raal, Auteur ; Elmar Arak, Auteur ; Anne Orav, Auteur . - 2009 . - pp. 524-529. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 20 n°6 (Novembre/Décembre 2008) . - pp. 524-529 Mots-clés : Valeriana  officinalis  Valerianaceae  Essential  oil  composition  Bornyl  acetate  α-fenchene  Valerianol  α-pinene  Ledol  Valerenal  Isovaleric  acid  Camphene  Valeranone Résumé : The volatile constituents from roots of Valeriana officinalis L. were investigated using GC and GC/MS methods. Valerianae radix samples were obtained from retail pharmacies of different European countries. The roots of 15 V. offcinalis samples yielded 0.19–1.16% essential oil on a dry weight basis. The basic oil components among the identified 86 compounds were bornyl acetate (2.9–33.7%), α-fenchene (0–28.3%), valerianol (0.2–18.2%), valerenal (tr-15.6%), isovaleric acid (0–13.1%), camphene (0–11.1%) and valeranone (0.5–10.9%). Bornyl acetate/valerenal chemotype was characteristic for 9 of the 15 samples of valerian roots from different European countries. Some samples did not contain α-fenchene and camphene (Germany, Czech), isovaleric acid (France, Moldova, Russia 2) and valerianic acid (Estonia, Ukraine 1, Scotland, Moldova, Russia 1). Valerian root oil from Estonia was rich in essential oil, bornyl acetate (33.7%), valerianol (16.8%) and valeranone (9.5%). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700079