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Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials / Jean-Pierre Franc in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering, Vol. 131 N° 2 (Fevrier 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering > Vol. 131 N° 2 (Fevrier 2009) . - 14 p. Titre : Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jean-Pierre Franc, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : fluids engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : flow  (dynamics);  surfaces  (materials);  stress;  cavitation;  bubbles;  cavitation  erosion;  erosion;  collapse;  equations;  stainless  steel;  steady  state;  tensile  strength;  thickness;  work  hardening Résumé : A phenomenological analysis of the cavitation erosion process of ductile materials is proposed. On the material side, the main parameters are the thickness of the hardened layer together with the conventional yield strength and ultimate strength. On the fluid side, the erosive potential of the cavitating flow is described in a simplified way using three integral parameters: rate, mean amplitude, and mean size of hydrodynamic impact loads. Explicit equations are derived for the computation of the incubation time and the steady-state erosion rate. They point out two characteristic scales. The time scale, which is relevant to the erosion phenomenon, is the covering time—the time necessary for the impacts to cover the material surface—whereas the pertinent length scale for ductile materials is the thickness of the hardened layer. The incubation time is proportional to the covering time with a multiplicative factor, which strongly depends on flow aggressiveness in terms of the mean amplitude of impact loads. As for the erosion rate under steady-state conditions, it is scaled by the ratio of the thickness of hardened layers to the covering time with an additional dependence on flow aggressiveness, too. The approach is supported by erosion tests conducted in a cavitation tunnel at a velocity of 65 m/s on stainless steel 316 L. Flow aggressiveness is inferred from pitting tests. The same model of material response that was used for mass loss prediction is applied to derive the original hydrodynamic impact loads due to bubble collapses from the geometric features of the pits. Long duration tests are performed in order to determine experimentally the incubation time and the mean depth of penetration rate and to validate the theoretical approach. En ligne : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/issue.aspx?journalid=122 [...] [article] Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials [texte imprimé] / Jean-Pierre Franc, Auteur . - 2009 . - 14 p. fluids engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering > Vol. 131 N° 2 (Fevrier 2009) . - 14 p. Mots-clés : flow  (dynamics);  surfaces  (materials);  stress;  cavitation;  bubbles;  cavitation  erosion;  erosion;  collapse;  equations;  stainless  steel;  steady  state;  tensile  strength;  thickness;  work  hardening Résumé : A phenomenological analysis of the cavitation erosion process of ductile materials is proposed. On the material side, the main parameters are the thickness of the hardened layer together with the conventional yield strength and ultimate strength. On the fluid side, the erosive potential of the cavitating flow is described in a simplified way using three integral parameters: rate, mean amplitude, and mean size of hydrodynamic impact loads. Explicit equations are derived for the computation of the incubation time and the steady-state erosion rate. They point out two characteristic scales. The time scale, which is relevant to the erosion phenomenon, is the covering time—the time necessary for the impacts to cover the material surface—whereas the pertinent length scale for ductile materials is the thickness of the hardened layer. The incubation time is proportional to the covering time with a multiplicative factor, which strongly depends on flow aggressiveness in terms of the mean amplitude of impact loads. As for the erosion rate under steady-state conditions, it is scaled by the ratio of the thickness of hardened layers to the covering time with an additional dependence on flow aggressiveness, too. The approach is supported by erosion tests conducted in a cavitation tunnel at a velocity of 65 m/s on stainless steel 316 L. Flow aggressiveness is inferred from pitting tests. The same model of material response that was used for mass loss prediction is applied to derive the original hydrodynamic impact loads due to bubble collapses from the geometric features of the pits. Long duration tests are performed in order to determine experimentally the incubation time and the mean depth of penetration rate and to validate the theoretical approach. En ligne : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/issue.aspx?journalid=122 [...]

Thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer—Part I: geometrical similarity of leading edge cavities and cavitation instabilities / Jean-Pierre Franc in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering, Vol. 132 N° 2 (Fevrier 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering > Vol. 132 N° 2 (Fevrier 2010) . - 08 p. Titre : Thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer—Part I: geometrical similarity of leading edge cavities and cavitation instabilities Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jean-Pierre Franc, Auteur ; Guillaume Boitel, Auteur ; Michel Riondet, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : fluids engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : The thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer is investigated from joint experiments in cold water and Refrigerant 114. The analysis is focused on leading edge cavitation and cavitation instabilities, especially on alternate blade cavitation and supersynchronous rotating cavitation. The cavity length along cylindrical cuts at different radii between the hub and casing is analyzed with respect to the local cavitation number and angle of attack. The similarity in shape of the cavity closure line between water and R114 is examined and deviation caused by thermodynamic effect is clarified. The influence of rotation speed on cavity length is investigated in both fluids and analyzed on the basis of a comparison of characteristic times, namely, the transit time and a thermal time. Thermodynamic delay in the development of leading edge cavities is determined and temperature depressions within the cavities are estimated. Thresholds for the onset of cavitation instabilities are determined for both fluids. The occurrence of cavitation instabilities is discussed with respect to the extent of leading edge cavitation. The thermodynamic delay affecting the occurrence of cavitation instabilities is estimated and compared with the delay on cavity development. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0098-2202 En ligne : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/Issue.aspx?issueID=27408 [...] [article] Thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer—Part I: geometrical similarity of leading edge cavities and cavitation instabilities [texte imprimé] / Jean-Pierre Franc, Auteur ; Guillaume Boitel, Auteur ; Michel Riondet, Auteur . - 2010 . - 08 p. fluids engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering > Vol. 132 N° 2 (Fevrier 2010) . - 08 p. Résumé : The thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer is investigated from joint experiments in cold water and Refrigerant 114. The analysis is focused on leading edge cavitation and cavitation instabilities, especially on alternate blade cavitation and supersynchronous rotating cavitation. The cavity length along cylindrical cuts at different radii between the hub and casing is analyzed with respect to the local cavitation number and angle of attack. The similarity in shape of the cavity closure line between water and R114 is examined and deviation caused by thermodynamic effect is clarified. The influence of rotation speed on cavity length is investigated in both fluids and analyzed on the basis of a comparison of characteristic times, namely, the transit time and a thermal time. Thermodynamic delay in the development of leading edge cavities is determined and temperature depressions within the cavities are estimated. Thresholds for the onset of cavitation instabilities are determined for both fluids. The occurrence of cavitation instabilities is discussed with respect to the extent of leading edge cavitation. The thermodynamic delay affecting the occurrence of cavitation instabilities is estimated and compared with the delay on cavity development. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0098-2202 En ligne : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/Issue.aspx?issueID=27408 [...]

Thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer—Part II: on-board measurements of temperature depression within leading edge cavities / Jean-Pierre Franc in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering, Vol. 132 N° 2 (Fevrier 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering > Vol. 132 N° 2 (Fevrier 2010) . - 09 p. Titre : Thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer—Part II: on-board measurements of temperature depression within leading edge cavities Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jean-Pierre Franc, Auteur ; Guillaume Boitel, Auteur ; Michel Riondet, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 09 p. Note générale : fluids engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Temperature,  Cavitation,  Blades,  Cavities Résumé : Temperature depression within the leading edge cavities on a space inducer is measured in Refrigerant 114 using miniature thermocouples mounted on the rotating blades. Time-averaged values of cavity temperature depression are determined all along the descent in cavitation number and correlated with the extent of cavities. In addition to mean values, temperature fluctuations are analyzed with respect to the onset of cavitation instabilities, namely, alternate blade cavitation and supersynchronous rotating cavitation. Temperature spectra relative to a rotating frame of reference are compared with pressure spectra obtained in a fixed frame of reference. Temperature oscillations issued from different blades are compared, and phase shifts between consecutive and opposite blades are evaluated in the case of the supersynchronous instability regime. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0098-2202 En ligne : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/Issue.aspx?issueID=27408 [...] [article] Thermodynamic effect on a cavitating inducer—Part II: on-board measurements of temperature depression within leading edge cavities [texte imprimé] / Jean-Pierre Franc, Auteur ; Guillaume Boitel, Auteur ; Michel Riondet, Auteur . - 2010 . - 09 p. fluids engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of fluids engineering > Vol. 132 N° 2 (Fevrier 2010) . - 09 p. Mots-clés : Temperature,  Cavitation,  Blades,  Cavities Résumé : Temperature depression within the leading edge cavities on a space inducer is measured in Refrigerant 114 using miniature thermocouples mounted on the rotating blades. Time-averaged values of cavity temperature depression are determined all along the descent in cavitation number and correlated with the extent of cavities. In addition to mean values, temperature fluctuations are analyzed with respect to the onset of cavitation instabilities, namely, alternate blade cavitation and supersynchronous rotating cavitation. Temperature spectra relative to a rotating frame of reference are compared with pressure spectra obtained in a fixed frame of reference. Temperature oscillations issued from different blades are compared, and phase shifts between consecutive and opposite blades are evaluated in the case of the supersynchronous instability regime. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0098-2202 En ligne : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/Issue.aspx?issueID=27408 [...]