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Characterization and identification of the most refractory nitrogen compounds in hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil / Peter Wiwel in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3184–3193 Titre : Characterization and identification of the most refractory nitrogen compounds in hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter Wiwel, Auteur ; Berit Hinnemann, Auteur ; Angelica Hidalgo-Vivas, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 3184–3193 Note générale : Industial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refractory  Nitrogen  mostCompounds  Hydroprocessed  Gas  Oil  Hydroprocesseil Résumé : There is currently a growing need to hydroprocess heavier and tougher crude oils with increased nitrogen content. Therefore, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) has become a critical hydroprocessing reaction, making it essential to gain insight into which nitrogen-containing compounds are the most difficult to treat. In the present article, we describe the identification of nitrogen compounds in severely pretreated feed for hydrocracking (HC). The nitrogen compounds in the N-slip to the hydrocracker are isolated and concentrated on solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the structural identification and are further used to investigate the reactivity. We find that the most refractory organic nitrogen compounds in the N-slip belong to the family of 4,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[def]carbazoles. These molecules are slightly more basic than other carbazoles and thus are likely to have an impact on the performance of the downstream catalysts; however, their very low reactivities make them extremely difficult to remove under normal hydrotreating conditions. ISSN : 0885-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901473x [article] Characterization and identification of the most refractory nitrogen compounds in hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil [texte imprimé] / Peter Wiwel, Auteur ; Berit Hinnemann, Auteur ; Angelica Hidalgo-Vivas, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 3184–3193. Industial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3184–3193 Mots-clés : Refractory  Nitrogen  mostCompounds  Hydroprocessed  Gas  Oil  Hydroprocesseil Résumé : There is currently a growing need to hydroprocess heavier and tougher crude oils with increased nitrogen content. Therefore, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) has become a critical hydroprocessing reaction, making it essential to gain insight into which nitrogen-containing compounds are the most difficult to treat. In the present article, we describe the identification of nitrogen compounds in severely pretreated feed for hydrocracking (HC). The nitrogen compounds in the N-slip to the hydrocracker are isolated and concentrated on solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the structural identification and are further used to investigate the reactivity. We find that the most refractory organic nitrogen compounds in the N-slip belong to the family of 4,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[def]carbazoles. These molecules are slightly more basic than other carbazoles and thus are likely to have an impact on the performance of the downstream catalysts; however, their very low reactivities make them extremely difficult to remove under normal hydrotreating conditions. ISSN : 0885-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901473x