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Chitosan-type bioadditive-modified electronic industry waste sludge for heavy metal stabilization with assistance of microwave heating / Rajabathar Jothiramalingam in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 6 (Mars 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 6 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 2557–2561 Titre : Chitosan-type bioadditive-modified electronic industry waste sludge for heavy metal stabilization with assistance of microwave heating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rajabathar Jothiramalingam, Auteur ; Shang-Lien Lo, Auteur ; Lan-Anh Phanthi, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 2557–2561 Note générale : Industrial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Chitosan  Bioadditive  Electronic  Industry  Waste  Sludge  Heavy  Metal  Stabilization  Microwave  Heating Résumé : Cement solidification is used as the common method for stabilizing industrial wastewater sludge in Taiwan. However, this method has the disadvantage of increasing the volume of waste. In contrast, chitosan-type biopolymer is used by several researchers for biosorption applications and dye discoloration in aqueous solutions. Therefore, in this study, commercially available low-cost chitosan-type material was used as an alternative bioadditive to stabilize the leaching of heavy metal ions in industrial sludge. The effects of additive dosage amount, power of microwave irradiation, and reaction time were studied. The heavy metal leaching capacity was determined using a standard TCLP test, and the elemental content in the leachate was analyzed by ICP. It was found that chitosan effectively stabilizes copper ions with higher selectivity in the presence of microwave irradiation and other toxic heavy metal ions. The optimized additive mixing in industrial sludge for the control of the leaching of copper and other heavy metal ions was found to be <5 mg L−1 after a microwave heating process in nitrogen atmosphere rather than air. Complete stabilization was achieved for chromium and cadmium (not detected after a TCLP test) compared to other heavy metal ions. The heavy-metal-ion-stabilized sludge was further tested for dye discoloration efficiency. Chitosan-modified sludge exhibited complete discoloration for the dye compounds methlylene blue and acid red 114. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9011408 [article] Chitosan-type bioadditive-modified electronic industry waste sludge for heavy metal stabilization with assistance of microwave heating [texte imprimé] / Rajabathar Jothiramalingam, Auteur ; Shang-Lien Lo, Auteur ; Lan-Anh Phanthi, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 2557–2561. Industrial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 6 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 2557–2561 Mots-clés : Chitosan  Bioadditive  Electronic  Industry  Waste  Sludge  Heavy  Metal  Stabilization  Microwave  Heating Résumé : Cement solidification is used as the common method for stabilizing industrial wastewater sludge in Taiwan. However, this method has the disadvantage of increasing the volume of waste. In contrast, chitosan-type biopolymer is used by several researchers for biosorption applications and dye discoloration in aqueous solutions. Therefore, in this study, commercially available low-cost chitosan-type material was used as an alternative bioadditive to stabilize the leaching of heavy metal ions in industrial sludge. The effects of additive dosage amount, power of microwave irradiation, and reaction time were studied. The heavy metal leaching capacity was determined using a standard TCLP test, and the elemental content in the leachate was analyzed by ICP. It was found that chitosan effectively stabilizes copper ions with higher selectivity in the presence of microwave irradiation and other toxic heavy metal ions. The optimized additive mixing in industrial sludge for the control of the leaching of copper and other heavy metal ions was found to be <5 mg L−1 after a microwave heating process in nitrogen atmosphere rather than air. Complete stabilization was achieved for chromium and cadmium (not detected after a TCLP test) compared to other heavy metal ions. The heavy-metal-ion-stabilized sludge was further tested for dye discoloration efficiency. Chitosan-modified sludge exhibited complete discoloration for the dye compounds methlylene blue and acid red 114. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9011408

Review of recent developments in solid acid, base, and enzyme catalysts (heterogeneous) for biodiesel production via transesterification / Rajabathar Jothiramalingam in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 48 N° 13 (Juillet 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 13 (Juillet 2009) . - pp. 6162–6172 Titre : Review of recent developments in solid acid, base, and enzyme catalysts (heterogeneous) for biodiesel production via transesterification Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rajabathar Jothiramalingam, Auteur ; Ming Kuang Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp. 6162–6172 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Solid  catalysts  Heterogeneous  catalysis  Biodiesel  production Résumé : Development of new and effective solid catalysts (solid acid base to immobilized enzyme) is necessary for renewable and green energy production. The various choices of heterogeneous solid catalysis were reported recently, and the specific research outcomes of trans-esterification on heterogeneous catalysis are discussed in the present article. The studies on biodiesel production are mainly focused on the following aspects: (i) examining the appropriate oil source, (ii) establishing the adequate alcohol to oil molar ratio, and (iii) evaluating the available solid acid catalysts, solid base catalysts, and lipase immobilized enzyme catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysis are superior in terms of reaction rate compared to heterogeneous catalysis, the focus of research on development of solid catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic transesterification is directed from the point of easy process and possible adoption for large scale production. The scope of this presentation is to examine these aspects in detail and to provide a comprehensive outlook on the aspects mentioned. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie801872t [article] Review of recent developments in solid acid, base, and enzyme catalysts (heterogeneous) for biodiesel production via transesterification [texte imprimé] / Rajabathar Jothiramalingam, Auteur ; Ming Kuang Wang, Auteur . - 2009 . - pp. 6162–6172. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 13 (Juillet 2009) . - pp. 6162–6172 Mots-clés : Solid  catalysts  Heterogeneous  catalysis  Biodiesel  production Résumé : Development of new and effective solid catalysts (solid acid base to immobilized enzyme) is necessary for renewable and green energy production. The various choices of heterogeneous solid catalysis were reported recently, and the specific research outcomes of trans-esterification on heterogeneous catalysis are discussed in the present article. The studies on biodiesel production are mainly focused on the following aspects: (i) examining the appropriate oil source, (ii) establishing the adequate alcohol to oil molar ratio, and (iii) evaluating the available solid acid catalysts, solid base catalysts, and lipase immobilized enzyme catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysis are superior in terms of reaction rate compared to heterogeneous catalysis, the focus of research on development of solid catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic transesterification is directed from the point of easy process and possible adoption for large scale production. The scope of this presentation is to examine these aspects in detail and to provide a comprehensive outlook on the aspects mentioned. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie801872t