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Influence of water vapour on high temperature oxidation of steels used in petroleum refinery heaters / A. Sultan in Materials and corrosion, Vol. 63 N° 2 (Fevrier 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials and corrosion > Vol. 63 N° 2 (Fevrier 2012) . - pp. 119–126 Titre : Influence of water vapour on high temperature oxidation of steels used in petroleum refinery heaters Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Sultan, Auteur ; I. Karakaya, Auteur ; M. Erdogan, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 119–126 Note générale : Génie mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : corrosion;  high  temperature;  oxidation;  petroleum  refinery  heaters;  thermogravimetric  analysis Résumé : The oxidation behaviours of three different steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. C-5, P-11 and P-22 steel samples were tested in two different environments: air and CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2, a gas composition which simulates the combustion products of natural gas, at 450 and 500 °C. P-22 steel had the best oxidation resistance at both temperatures in air. In CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 environment, the oxidations of all the steels were accelerated and C-5 exhibited better oxidation resistance than P-22 and P-11. Analyses of oxidation products by optical microscopy, SEM-EDX and XRD were carried out to correlate TGA results to oxide composition and morphology. The lower oxidation rate of P-22 in air was explained with reference to the formation of a protective Cr-containing oxide layer between the steel and the iron oxide scale. The higher oxidation rates of chromium containing steels in CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 environment were attributed to the depletion of protective Cr-containing oxide scale, which was deduced from the lower Cr content of this layer than that formed in air oxidation, as a result of probably faster oxidation of Cr even inside the steel. Therefore, the oxidation mechanisms of Fe[BOND]Cr alloys with intermediate Cr contents at higher temperatures could also be valid for steels with low chromium contents such as P-22 (2.25%) even at 450 and 500 °C. En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/maco.200905429/abstract [article] Influence of water vapour on high temperature oxidation of steels used in petroleum refinery heaters [texte imprimé] / A. Sultan, Auteur ; I. Karakaya, Auteur ; M. Erdogan, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 119–126. Génie mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials and corrosion > Vol. 63 N° 2 (Fevrier 2012) . - pp. 119–126 Mots-clés : corrosion;  high  temperature;  oxidation;  petroleum  refinery  heaters;  thermogravimetric  analysis Résumé : The oxidation behaviours of three different steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. C-5, P-11 and P-22 steel samples were tested in two different environments: air and CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2, a gas composition which simulates the combustion products of natural gas, at 450 and 500 °C. P-22 steel had the best oxidation resistance at both temperatures in air. In CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 environment, the oxidations of all the steels were accelerated and C-5 exhibited better oxidation resistance than P-22 and P-11. Analyses of oxidation products by optical microscopy, SEM-EDX and XRD were carried out to correlate TGA results to oxide composition and morphology. The lower oxidation rate of P-22 in air was explained with reference to the formation of a protective Cr-containing oxide layer between the steel and the iron oxide scale. The higher oxidation rates of chromium containing steels in CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 environment were attributed to the depletion of protective Cr-containing oxide scale, which was deduced from the lower Cr content of this layer than that formed in air oxidation, as a result of probably faster oxidation of Cr even inside the steel. Therefore, the oxidation mechanisms of Fe[BOND]Cr alloys with intermediate Cr contents at higher temperatures could also be valid for steels with low chromium contents such as P-22 (2.25%) even at 450 and 500 °C. En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/maco.200905429/abstract