Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

The mixing of liquid propane and liquid normal butane at one atmosphere / Ahmed Tchikou 

Public ISBD Titre : The mixing of liquid propane and liquid normal butane at one atmosphere Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ahmed Tchikou, Auteur ; R. G. Scurlock, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Southampton : University of Southampton Année de publication : 1986 Importance : 148 f. Présentation : ill. Format : 27 cm. Note générale : Thèse de Doctorat : Philosophy : Angleterre, University of Southampton : 1986 Bibliogr. f. 149 - 153 . Annexe f. 154 - 175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Propane-rich  liquids n-butane-rich  liquids Vapour  generated Boiling  liquid  gases Index. décimale : D003586 Résumé : The mixing of propane, or propane-rich liquids, with n-butane, or n-butane-rich liquids, under 1 atm. pressure in fully refrigerated vessels is widely practised in the liquefied petroleum gas (L.P.G.) industry. A common experience during these mixing operations is that the volume of vapour generated depends on whether the propane is added to the n-butane or vice versa. In general, about twice as much vapour is generated when a propane/n-butane mixture is produced by adding propane to n-butane compared with adding n-butane to propane. This work describes: A/ A rig developed for the mixing of two boiling liquid gases at 1 Atm. B/ Some experimental mixing results carried out on a laboratory scale which demonstrate that the phenomenon is not an artefact. The results obtained showed that: 1. The vapour contains some n-butane. 2. When propane is added to n-butane, with surface and bottom delivery, the boil-off is affected by the delivery rate. 3. When adding propane to n-butane, the volume of vapour evolved is between 1.5 and 2.0 times the volume produced by adding n-butane to propane to produce the same mixture. 4. The volumes of vapour generated are larger when the pure components are mixed. C/ A path-dependent mixing model is developed which predicts the vapour volume generated within the experimental error. The model decouples the vapour generation and liquid mixing processes, and indicates how C₃/n-c₄ mixing generates much larger volumes of vapour than a n-C₄/C₃ mixing operation. The mixing of liquid propane and liquid normal butane at one atmosphere [texte imprimé] / Ahmed Tchikou, Auteur ; R. G. Scurlock, Directeur de thèse . - Southampton : University of Southampton, 1986 . - 148 f. : ill. ; 27 cm. Thèse de Doctorat : Philosophy : Angleterre, University of Southampton : 1986 Bibliogr. f. 149 - 153 . Annexe f. 154 - 175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Propane-rich  liquids n-butane-rich  liquids Vapour  generated Boiling  liquid  gases Index. décimale : D003586 Résumé : The mixing of propane, or propane-rich liquids, with n-butane, or n-butane-rich liquids, under 1 atm. pressure in fully refrigerated vessels is widely practised in the liquefied petroleum gas (L.P.G.) industry. A common experience during these mixing operations is that the volume of vapour generated depends on whether the propane is added to the n-butane or vice versa. In general, about twice as much vapour is generated when a propane/n-butane mixture is produced by adding propane to n-butane compared with adding n-butane to propane. This work describes: A/ A rig developed for the mixing of two boiling liquid gases at 1 Atm. B/ Some experimental mixing results carried out on a laboratory scale which demonstrate that the phenomenon is not an artefact. The results obtained showed that: 1. The vapour contains some n-butane. 2. When propane is added to n-butane, with surface and bottom delivery, the boil-off is affected by the delivery rate. 3. When adding propane to n-butane, the volume of vapour evolved is between 1.5 and 2.0 times the volume produced by adding n-butane to propane to produce the same mixture. 4. The volumes of vapour generated are larger when the pure components are mixed. C/ A path-dependent mixing model is developed which predicts the vapour volume generated within the experimental error. The model decouples the vapour generation and liquid mixing processes, and indicates how C₃/n-c₄ mixing generates much larger volumes of vapour than a n-C₄/C₃ mixing operation.

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The solubility of water in cryogenic liquids and the related effects / Rachid Rebiai 

Public ISBD Titre : The solubility of water in cryogenic liquids and the related effects Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachid Rebiai, Auteur ; R. G. Scurlock, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Southampton : University of Southampton Année de publication : 1985 Importance : Mult. Présentation : ill. Format : 27 cm. Note générale : Thèse de Doctorat : Philosophy : Royaume-Uni, University of Southampton : 1985 Bibliogr. [9] f. Annexe [40] f Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Water  solubility Cryogenic  solvents Gas  chromatography Schlieren  photography Fourier  transform Infra-red  spectroscopy Micro-thermometry Index. décimale : D005385 Résumé : The solubility of water and the related temperature profiles across the liquid/vapour interface, ware measured in LIN, LOX, LAr, LCH4, and LNG at the boiling point of the liquid and one atmospheric pressure. The designs of an infra-red solution cell for low temperature use and a fast response micro-thermocouple (25µm diameter) with a sensitive junction of approximately 15µm length, are provided. The data presented, were obtained from a series of measurements in cryogenic liquids mentioned above and were based on the following analytical techniques: infra-red spectroscopy, gas chromatography, micro-thermometry and Schlieren photography. The findings from our experiments and the methods used are discussed in relation to the prevention of evaporation instability. The systems that have been studied include pure and contaminated LIN, contaminated LOX, condensed high purity argon and methane gases and condensed technical grade natural gas, at the normal boiling point. Using high resolution Fourier transform infra-red spectrometer and gas chromatograph, we have discovered that water dissolves in all cryogenic solutions mentioned above. The measured solubility is much larger (10⁻⁵ mole fraction) than predicted by normal theories of solutions which is 10⁻²⁰ mole fraction. A fast response micro-thermocouple has been used to measure the temperature profile across the liquide/vapour interface as a function of the heat flux and an experimental correlation for five different cryogenic liquids was obtained between the modified mass flux m* and the superheat ΔT for ΔT up to 7K. Finally, schlieren photography technique has been used which reveals the complex cellular convective flow in the liquid surface region during the normal evaporation of cryogenic liquids. The solubility of water in cryogenic liquids and the related effects [texte imprimé] / Rachid Rebiai, Auteur ; R. G. Scurlock, Directeur de thèse . - Southampton : University of Southampton, 1985 . - Mult. : ill. ; 27 cm. Thèse de Doctorat : Philosophy : Royaume-Uni, University of Southampton : 1985 Bibliogr. [9] f. Annexe [40] f Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Water  solubility Cryogenic  solvents Gas  chromatography Schlieren  photography Fourier  transform Infra-red  spectroscopy Micro-thermometry Index. décimale : D005385 Résumé : The solubility of water and the related temperature profiles across the liquid/vapour interface, ware measured in LIN, LOX, LAr, LCH4, and LNG at the boiling point of the liquid and one atmospheric pressure. The designs of an infra-red solution cell for low temperature use and a fast response micro-thermocouple (25µm diameter) with a sensitive junction of approximately 15µm length, are provided. The data presented, were obtained from a series of measurements in cryogenic liquids mentioned above and were based on the following analytical techniques: infra-red spectroscopy, gas chromatography, micro-thermometry and Schlieren photography. The findings from our experiments and the methods used are discussed in relation to the prevention of evaporation instability. The systems that have been studied include pure and contaminated LIN, contaminated LOX, condensed high purity argon and methane gases and condensed technical grade natural gas, at the normal boiling point. Using high resolution Fourier transform infra-red spectrometer and gas chromatograph, we have discovered that water dissolves in all cryogenic solutions mentioned above. The measured solubility is much larger (10⁻⁵ mole fraction) than predicted by normal theories of solutions which is 10⁻²⁰ mole fraction. A fast response micro-thermocouple has been used to measure the temperature profile across the liquide/vapour interface as a function of the heat flux and an experimental correlation for five different cryogenic liquids was obtained between the modified mass flux m* and the superheat ΔT for ΔT up to 7K. Finally, schlieren photography technique has been used which reveals the complex cellular convective flow in the liquid surface region during the normal evaporation of cryogenic liquids.

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