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Gas chromatography study of sewage sludge pyrolysis liquids obtained at different operational conditions in a fluidized bed / I. Fonts in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 48 N° 12 (Juin 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 12 (Juin 2009) . - pp. 5907–5915 Titre : Gas chromatography study of sewage sludge pyrolysis liquids obtained at different operational conditions in a fluidized bed Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : I. Fonts, Auteur ; M. Azuara, Auteur ; L. Lázaro, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp. 5907–5915 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sewage  sludge  Fluidized  bed  Pyrolysis  liquids Résumé : Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed under different operational conditions with the aim of studying the influence of some operational conditions on the composition of the liquid product. These operational conditions were bed temperature (450−650 °C), inlet nitrogen rate (nitrogen flow per bed surface unit 0.057−0.090 m s−1), and solid feed rate per bed volumetric unit (0.169−0.338 kg s−1 m−3). The composition of the pyrolysis liquids obtained was analyzed by means of GC−MS and GC-FID. Different families of compounds appeared in the liquid samples obtained under the different conditions studied: aliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; oxygen-containing aliphatic and aromatic compounds; nitrogen-containing aliphatic and aromatic compounds; steroids; chlorine-containing compounds; and sulfur-containing compounds. The composition of the liquids varied qualitatively with the temperature and quantitatively with the three operational parameters studied, with the temperature being the most influential variable. The liquids obtained at 450 °C contained oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds > steroids > aliphatic hydrocarbons > nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds. The compounds found in the liquids obtained at 550 °C were quite similar to those obtained at 450 °C, although their proportions were different: steroids > aliphatic hydrocarbons > oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds > nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. The composition of the liquids obtained at 650 °C varied considerably, and the most abundant compound groups were nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds > polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ≥ aromatic hydrocarbons. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900421a [article] Gas chromatography study of sewage sludge pyrolysis liquids obtained at different operational conditions in a fluidized bed [texte imprimé] / I. Fonts, Auteur ; M. Azuara, Auteur ; L. Lázaro, Auteur . - 2009 . - pp. 5907–5915. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 12 (Juin 2009) . - pp. 5907–5915 Mots-clés : Sewage  sludge  Fluidized  bed  Pyrolysis  liquids Résumé : Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed under different operational conditions with the aim of studying the influence of some operational conditions on the composition of the liquid product. These operational conditions were bed temperature (450−650 °C), inlet nitrogen rate (nitrogen flow per bed surface unit 0.057−0.090 m s−1), and solid feed rate per bed volumetric unit (0.169−0.338 kg s−1 m−3). The composition of the pyrolysis liquids obtained was analyzed by means of GC−MS and GC-FID. Different families of compounds appeared in the liquid samples obtained under the different conditions studied: aliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; oxygen-containing aliphatic and aromatic compounds; nitrogen-containing aliphatic and aromatic compounds; steroids; chlorine-containing compounds; and sulfur-containing compounds. The composition of the liquids varied qualitatively with the temperature and quantitatively with the three operational parameters studied, with the temperature being the most influential variable. The liquids obtained at 450 °C contained oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds > steroids > aliphatic hydrocarbons > nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds. The compounds found in the liquids obtained at 550 °C were quite similar to those obtained at 450 °C, although their proportions were different: steroids > aliphatic hydrocarbons > oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds > nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. The composition of the liquids obtained at 650 °C varied considerably, and the most abundant compound groups were nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds > polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ≥ aromatic hydrocarbons. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900421a

Sewage sludge pyrolysis in a fluidized bed, 2: influence of operating conditions on some physicochemical properties of the liquid product / I. Fonts in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 48 N°4 (Février 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N°4 (Février 2009) . - p. 2179–2187 Titre : Sewage sludge pyrolysis in a fluidized bed, 2: influence of operating conditions on some physicochemical properties of the liquid product Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : I. Fonts, Auteur ; A. Juan, Auteur ; G. Gea, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 2179–2187 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sewage  sludge  Fluidized  bed Résumé : Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at different operating conditions with the aim of producing pyrolysis liquid. In this work, the influence of some operating conditions was studied in relation to some liquid properties such as homogeneity (phase separation), solids content, water content, and high heating value. The operating variables studied were bed temperature (450−650 °C), inlet nitrogen rate (0.057−0.090 m s−1), and solid feed rate per volumetric unit (0.169−0.338 kg s−1 m−3). Phase separation appeared in the samples obtained at almost all operating conditions studied, and it was different depending on the operating temperature and the sample of sewage sludge. The experimental methodology for analyzing the quantitative properties of the pyrolysis liquid under study was based on experimental design techniques. These liquid properties were influenced in different ways by the three studied operating conditions, but above all by the temperature, the inlet nitrogen rate, and also the sample of sewage sludge. Based on the experimental data, empirical models were built to describe the influence of the operating conditions on the liquid properties. Additionally, using these empirical models, operating conditions (within the intervals under study) that allow a high liquid yield and a liquid product with desirable values of the studied properties to be obtained were predicted theoretically. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie801448g [article] Sewage sludge pyrolysis in a fluidized bed, 2: influence of operating conditions on some physicochemical properties of the liquid product [texte imprimé] / I. Fonts, Auteur ; A. Juan, Auteur ; G. Gea, Auteur . - 2009 . - p. 2179–2187. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N°4 (Février 2009) . - p. 2179–2187 Mots-clés : Sewage  sludge  Fluidized  bed Résumé : Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at different operating conditions with the aim of producing pyrolysis liquid. In this work, the influence of some operating conditions was studied in relation to some liquid properties such as homogeneity (phase separation), solids content, water content, and high heating value. The operating variables studied were bed temperature (450−650 °C), inlet nitrogen rate (0.057−0.090 m s−1), and solid feed rate per volumetric unit (0.169−0.338 kg s−1 m−3). Phase separation appeared in the samples obtained at almost all operating conditions studied, and it was different depending on the operating temperature and the sample of sewage sludge. The experimental methodology for analyzing the quantitative properties of the pyrolysis liquid under study was based on experimental design techniques. These liquid properties were influenced in different ways by the three studied operating conditions, but above all by the temperature, the inlet nitrogen rate, and also the sample of sewage sludge. Based on the experimental data, empirical models were built to describe the influence of the operating conditions on the liquid properties. Additionally, using these empirical models, operating conditions (within the intervals under study) that allow a high liquid yield and a liquid product with desirable values of the studied properties to be obtained were predicted theoretically. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie801448g