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Building Orientation and Wind Effects Estimation / Hanzlik, Petr in Journal of engineering mechanics, Vol.131, N° 3 (March 2005) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of engineering mechanics > Vol.131, N° 3 (March 2005) . - 254-258 p. Titre : Building Orientation and Wind Effects Estimation Titre original : Évaluation d'Effets d'Orientation et de Vent de Bâtiment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hanzlik, Petr, Auteur ; Diniz, Sofia, Auteur ; Grazini, Andrea ; Mircea Grigoriu ; Simiu, Emil Article en page(s) : 254-258 p. Note générale : Génie Civil, Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Wind  forces  Building  codes  Building  design  Databases  Dynamic  response  Buildings  Low-Rise  Structural  reliability  Forces  de  vent  Codes  de  Bâtiment  Conception  de  construction  Base  de  données  Réponse  de  dynamique  Bâtiments  Bas-Montée  Fiabilité  Structurale Index. décimale : 621.34/624 Résumé : The Methodology for estimating wind effects presented in this paper is based on the database-assisted design approach. It accounts for the effects of wind directionality, for the uncertainties in the parameters that determine wind effects, nd for effects of building orientation. The Methodology yields estimates of wind effects that are far more realistic than those based on the conventional building code approach, which disregards uncertainties in those parameters, as well as the effects of wind directionality and building orientation, or accounts for these effects through the use of a blanket reduction factor. The Pilot software on which the calculations presented in this paper are based is a first step toward modern computer-intensive electronic standards wherein wind loads can be calculated by using database-assisted reliability-based calculations of wind effects. We believe such standards will go a long way toward achieving significantly safer and more economical buildings in regions affected by strong winds. La méthodologie pour estimer des effets de vent présentés en cet article est basée sur l'approche de conception base de données-aidée. Elle explique les effets de la directionnalité de vent, pour les incertitudes dans les paramètres qui déterminent des effets de vent, ND pour des effets d'établir l'orientation. La méthodologie rapporte des évaluations des effets de vent qui sont plus réalistes bien que ceux basés sur l'approche conventionnelle de code de bâtiment, qui néglige des incertitudes dans ces paramètres, comme les effets de la directionnalité de vent et de l'orientation de bâtiment, ou explique ces effets par l'utilisation d'un facteur couvrant de réduction. Le logiciel pilote sur lequel les calculs présentés en cet article sont basés est une première étape vers des normes électroniques ordinateur-intensives modernes où des charges de vent peuvent être calculées en employant des calculs fiabilité-basés base de données-aidés des effets de vent. Nous croyons que de telles normes iront un long chemin vers réaliser des bâtiments sensiblement plus sûrs et plus économiques dans les régions affectées par les vents forts. En ligne : simiu@nist.gov [article] Building Orientation and Wind Effects Estimation = Évaluation d'Effets d'Orientation et de Vent de Bâtiment [texte imprimé] / Hanzlik, Petr, Auteur ; Diniz, Sofia, Auteur ; Grazini, Andrea ; Mircea Grigoriu ; Simiu, Emil . - 254-258 p. Génie Civil, Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of engineering mechanics > Vol.131, N° 3 (March 2005) . - 254-258 p. Mots-clés : Wind  forces  Building  codes  Building  design  Databases  Dynamic  response  Buildings  Low-Rise  Structural  reliability  Forces  de  vent  Codes  de  Bâtiment  Conception  de  construction  Base  de  données  Réponse  de  dynamique  Bâtiments  Bas-Montée  Fiabilité  Structurale Index. décimale : 621.34/624 Résumé : The Methodology for estimating wind effects presented in this paper is based on the database-assisted design approach. It accounts for the effects of wind directionality, for the uncertainties in the parameters that determine wind effects, nd for effects of building orientation. The Methodology yields estimates of wind effects that are far more realistic than those based on the conventional building code approach, which disregards uncertainties in those parameters, as well as the effects of wind directionality and building orientation, or accounts for these effects through the use of a blanket reduction factor. The Pilot software on which the calculations presented in this paper are based is a first step toward modern computer-intensive electronic standards wherein wind loads can be calculated by using database-assisted reliability-based calculations of wind effects. We believe such standards will go a long way toward achieving significantly safer and more economical buildings in regions affected by strong winds. La méthodologie pour estimer des effets de vent présentés en cet article est basée sur l'approche de conception base de données-aidée. Elle explique les effets de la directionnalité de vent, pour les incertitudes dans les paramètres qui déterminent des effets de vent, ND pour des effets d'établir l'orientation. La méthodologie rapporte des évaluations des effets de vent qui sont plus réalistes bien que ceux basés sur l'approche conventionnelle de code de bâtiment, qui néglige des incertitudes dans ces paramètres, comme les effets de la directionnalité de vent et de l'orientation de bâtiment, ou explique ces effets par l'utilisation d'un facteur couvrant de réduction. Le logiciel pilote sur lequel les calculs présentés en cet article sont basés est une première étape vers des normes électroniques ordinateur-intensives modernes où des charges de vent peuvent être calculées en employant des calculs fiabilité-basés base de données-aidés des effets de vent. Nous croyons que de telles normes iront un long chemin vers réaliser des bâtiments sensiblement plus sûrs et plus économiques dans les régions affectées par les vents forts. En ligne : simiu@nist.gov

High-rise reinforced concrete structures / DongHun Yeo in Journal of structural engineering, Vol. 137 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of structural engineering > Vol. 137 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1340-1349 Titre : High-rise reinforced concrete structures : Database-assisted design for wind Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : DongHun Yeo, Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1340-1349 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Database-assisted  design  (DAD)  Mean  recurrence  interval  Reinforced  concrete  Time-domain  analysis  Wind  effects Résumé : Advances in wind pressure measurement and computer technology have made time-domain analyses of wind effects on high-rise structures possible in recent years. Time-domain solutions use aerodynamic and wind climatological databases and provide full phase information on wind-induced response that is lost in the frequency-domain approach; therefore, they can account rigorously for the superposed effects of any number of modes of vibration of any shape; for mode coupling; for wind directionality effects; and for the joint contributions of axial forces, bending moments, and shear forces in interaction equations used for structural design. Unlike the frequency-domain approach, in the time-domain approach, the process of determining wind effects and the structural design process, referred to jointly as database-assisted design (DAD), are integrated, transparent, and fully auditable. The objective of this study is to present the DAD approach as applied to high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Given the time histories of pressures, measured in the wind tunnel at a sufficient number of taps on the exterior faces of the building envelope for a sufficient number of mean speed directions and a preliminary design of the building, the structural engineer can calculate, as functions of wind speed and direction: (1) demand-to-capacity indexes for any number of members and cross sections, (2) interstory drift, (3) and top floor accelerations. These responses are properties of the structure independent of the wind climate, and constitute response databases used in conjunction with a wind climatological database to obtain the requisite wind effects for any specified mean recurrence interval. The design, which accounts for both wind and gravity effects, is performed iteratively until the design specifications are satisfied. DEWEY : 624.17 ISSN : 0733-9445 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/sto/resource/1/jsendh/v137/i11/p1340_s1?isAuthorized=no [article] High-rise reinforced concrete structures : Database-assisted design for wind [texte imprimé] / DongHun Yeo, Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1340-1349. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of structural engineering > Vol. 137 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1340-1349 Mots-clés : Database-assisted  design  (DAD)  Mean  recurrence  interval  Reinforced  concrete  Time-domain  analysis  Wind  effects Résumé : Advances in wind pressure measurement and computer technology have made time-domain analyses of wind effects on high-rise structures possible in recent years. Time-domain solutions use aerodynamic and wind climatological databases and provide full phase information on wind-induced response that is lost in the frequency-domain approach; therefore, they can account rigorously for the superposed effects of any number of modes of vibration of any shape; for mode coupling; for wind directionality effects; and for the joint contributions of axial forces, bending moments, and shear forces in interaction equations used for structural design. Unlike the frequency-domain approach, in the time-domain approach, the process of determining wind effects and the structural design process, referred to jointly as database-assisted design (DAD), are integrated, transparent, and fully auditable. The objective of this study is to present the DAD approach as applied to high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Given the time histories of pressures, measured in the wind tunnel at a sufficient number of taps on the exterior faces of the building envelope for a sufficient number of mean speed directions and a preliminary design of the building, the structural engineer can calculate, as functions of wind speed and direction: (1) demand-to-capacity indexes for any number of members and cross sections, (2) interstory drift, (3) and top floor accelerations. These responses are properties of the structure independent of the wind climate, and constitute response databases used in conjunction with a wind climatological database to obtain the requisite wind effects for any specified mean recurrence interval. The design, which accounts for both wind and gravity effects, is performed iteratively until the design specifications are satisfied. DEWEY : 624.17 ISSN : 0733-9445 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/sto/resource/1/jsendh/v137/i11/p1340_s1?isAuthorized=no

Optimization and multihazard structural design / Potra, Florian A. in Journal of engineering mechanics, Vol. 135 N° 12 (Décembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of engineering mechanics > Vol. 135 N° 12 (Décembre 2009) . - pp. 1472-1475 Titre : Optimization and multihazard structural design Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Potra, Florian A., Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 1472-1475 Note générale : Mécanique appliquée Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Earthquake  engineering  Hazards  Optimization  Solar  power  Structural  engineering  Seismic  design  Wind  loads Résumé : There is a growing interest in the development of procedures for the design of structures exposed to multiple hazards. The goal is to achieve safer and/or more economical designs than would be the case if the structures were analyzed independently for each hazard and an envelope of the demands induced by each of the hazards were used for member sizing. We describe an optimization approach to multihazard design that achieves the greatest possible economy while satisfying specified safety-related and other constraints. We then present an application to illustrate our approach. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0733-9399 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JENMDT&smode=strres [...] [article] Optimization and multihazard structural design [texte imprimé] / Potra, Florian A., Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 1472-1475. Mécanique appliquée Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of engineering mechanics > Vol. 135 N° 12 (Décembre 2009) . - pp. 1472-1475 Mots-clés : Earthquake  engineering  Hazards  Optimization  Solar  power  Structural  engineering  Seismic  design  Wind  loads Résumé : There is a growing interest in the development of procedures for the design of structures exposed to multiple hazards. The goal is to achieve safer and/or more economical designs than would be the case if the structures were analyzed independently for each hazard and an envelope of the demands induced by each of the hazards were used for member sizing. We describe an optimization approach to multihazard design that achieves the greatest possible economy while satisfying specified safety-related and other constraints. We then present an application to illustrate our approach. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0733-9399 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JENMDT&smode=strres [...]

Risk consistency and synergy in multihazard design / Chiara Crosti in Journal of structural engineering, Vol. 137 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of structural engineering > Vol. 137 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 844-849 Titre : Risk consistency and synergy in multihazard design Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chiara Crosti, Auteur ; Dat Duthinh, Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 844-849 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Earthquakes  Moment-resisting  connections  Multihazard  design  Partially  rigid  frames  Risk  consistency  Seismic  design  Steel  frames  Wind Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Current design procedures in the United States use the envelope of individual hazard demands on a structure to ensure safety against multiple hazards. A difficulty in multihazard design for wind and earthquake is that the load and resistance factor method makes use of different design philosophies developed by different subdisciplines. Seismic design explicitly allows for inelastic behavior. In contrast, wind design assumes that, before application of a resistance factor less than unity, the limit state is defined by the development of the first plastic hinge in a structural member. This paper focuses on the issue of risk consistency in multihazard design, and shows that, in spite of this difficulty, it is possible to quantify the risks of arriving at a particular lateral drift state for structures exposed to multiple nonsimultaneous hazards and to compare them to the risks for the same structures subjected to a single hazard. A second focus is the issue of multihazard design synergy. It has been pointed out that redetailing a building to current seismic codes can increase its resistance to blast and that structural efficiency and life-cycle cost are influenced by multihazard considerations. This paper shows that, for the case study of a 10-story steel-frame building, the use of reduced beam section (RBS) connections, intended to enhance ductility in seismic design, does not reduce the risk of structural damage caused by exposure to wind alone or exposure to wind or earthquakes. DEWEY : 624.17 ISSN : 0733-9445 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/sto/resource/1/jsendh/v137/i8/p844_s1?isAuthorized=no [article] Risk consistency and synergy in multihazard design [texte imprimé] / Chiara Crosti, Auteur ; Dat Duthinh, Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 844-849. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of structural engineering > Vol. 137 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 844-849 Mots-clés : Earthquakes  Moment-resisting  connections  Multihazard  design  Partially  rigid  frames  Risk  consistency  Seismic  design  Steel  frames  Wind Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Current design procedures in the United States use the envelope of individual hazard demands on a structure to ensure safety against multiple hazards. A difficulty in multihazard design for wind and earthquake is that the load and resistance factor method makes use of different design philosophies developed by different subdisciplines. Seismic design explicitly allows for inelastic behavior. In contrast, wind design assumes that, before application of a resistance factor less than unity, the limit state is defined by the development of the first plastic hinge in a structural member. This paper focuses on the issue of risk consistency in multihazard design, and shows that, in spite of this difficulty, it is possible to quantify the risks of arriving at a particular lateral drift state for structures exposed to multiple nonsimultaneous hazards and to compare them to the risks for the same structures subjected to a single hazard. A second focus is the issue of multihazard design synergy. It has been pointed out that redetailing a building to current seismic codes can increase its resistance to blast and that structural efficiency and life-cycle cost are influenced by multihazard considerations. This paper shows that, for the case study of a 10-story steel-frame building, the use of reduced beam section (RBS) connections, intended to enhance ductility in seismic design, does not reduce the risk of structural damage caused by exposure to wind alone or exposure to wind or earthquakes. DEWEY : 624.17 ISSN : 0733-9445 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/sto/resource/1/jsendh/v137/i8/p844_s1?isAuthorized=no

Safety of structures in strong winds and earthquakes / Dat Duthinh in Journal of structural engineering, Vol. 136 N° 3 (Mars 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of structural engineering > Vol. 136 N° 3 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 330-333 Titre : Safety of structures in strong winds and earthquakes : multihazard considerations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dat Duthinh, Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 330-333 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Building  technology  Earthquakes  Limit  states  Multihazards  Safety  Wind  loads Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : In accordance with the ASCE Standard 7-05, in regions subjected to wind and earthquakes, structures are designed for loads induced by wind and, separately, by earthquakes, and the final design is based on the more demanding of these two loading conditions. Implicit in this approach is the belief that the standard assures risks of exceedance of the specified limit states that are essentially identical to the risks inherent in the provisions for regions where only wind or earthquakes occur. We draw the attention of designers, code writers, and insurers to the fact that this belief is, in general, unwarranted, and that ASCE 7 provisions are not risk consistent, i.e., in regions with significant wind and seismic hazards, risks of exceedance of limit states can be up to twice as high as those for regions where one hazard dominates. This conclusion is valid even if the limit states due to wind and earthquake are defined differently, as is the case in ASCE 7. We propose an approach to modifying ASCE 7 provisions which guarantees that risks implicit in minimum ASCE 7 requirements for regions where one hazard dominates are not exceeded for structures in regions with strong wind and seismic hazards. DEWEY : 624.17 ISSN : 0733-9445 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/sto/resource/1/jsendh/v136/i3/p330_s1?isAuthorized=no [article] Safety of structures in strong winds and earthquakes : multihazard considerations [texte imprimé] / Dat Duthinh, Auteur ; Simiu, Emil, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 330-333. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of structural engineering > Vol. 136 N° 3 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 330-333 Mots-clés : Building  technology  Earthquakes  Limit  states  Multihazards  Safety  Wind  loads Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : In accordance with the ASCE Standard 7-05, in regions subjected to wind and earthquakes, structures are designed for loads induced by wind and, separately, by earthquakes, and the final design is based on the more demanding of these two loading conditions. Implicit in this approach is the belief that the standard assures risks of exceedance of the specified limit states that are essentially identical to the risks inherent in the provisions for regions where only wind or earthquakes occur. We draw the attention of designers, code writers, and insurers to the fact that this belief is, in general, unwarranted, and that ASCE 7 provisions are not risk consistent, i.e., in regions with significant wind and seismic hazards, risks of exceedance of limit states can be up to twice as high as those for regions where one hazard dominates. This conclusion is valid even if the limit states due to wind and earthquake are defined differently, as is the case in ASCE 7. We propose an approach to modifying ASCE 7 provisions which guarantees that risks implicit in minimum ASCE 7 requirements for regions where one hazard dominates are not exceeded for structures in regions with strong wind and seismic hazards. DEWEY : 624.17 ISSN : 0733-9445 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/sto/resource/1/jsendh/v136/i3/p330_s1?isAuthorized=no

Sampling Errors in the Estimation of Peak Wind-Induced Internal Forces in Low-Rise Structures / Sadek, Fahim in Journal of engineering mechanics, Vol. 130 N°2 (Fevrier 2004)

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